級(jí)進(jìn)模的熱處理的并行設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　級(jí)進(jìn)模的熱處理的并行設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)，主要是經(jīng)驗(yàn)或半經(jīng)驗(yàn)，脫離制造過(guò)程。在設(shè)計(jì)完成之前,級(jí)進(jìn)模計(jì)劃通常一再修改，從而形成一些弊端。如開(kāi)發(fā)期長(zhǎng)、成本高、效果不實(shí)用。由于對(duì)精確、使用壽命、開(kāi)發(fā)成本和時(shí)間有很高的要求，現(xiàn)代級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)和制造應(yīng)該很完全。因此，越來(lái)越多的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)

2、被應(yīng)用，例如并行工程、靈活制造、虛擬制造、合作設(shè)計(jì)等。</p><p>　　級(jí)進(jìn)模的熱處理是與設(shè)計(jì)、制造和裝配同等重要的，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)制造、裝配和服務(wù)具有重要影響。級(jí)進(jìn)模的設(shè)計(jì)和制造進(jìn)步很快。但在它們背后熱處理嚴(yán)重滯后。級(jí)進(jìn)模工業(yè)的發(fā)展，熱處理必須保證級(jí)進(jìn)模有好的狀態(tài)及制造、裝配和抗磨損性要求。熱處理可以影響級(jí)進(jìn)模生產(chǎn)比如過(guò)硬和軟、裝配。傳統(tǒng)的熱處理過(guò)程和方法提出了按設(shè)計(jì)提出的方式。這會(huì)使設(shè)計(jì)者和級(jí)進(jìn)模及熱處理偏離對(duì)

3、方，設(shè)計(jì)者和級(jí)進(jìn)模不能完全實(shí)現(xiàn)熱處理過(guò)程中，材料特性、創(chuàng)意設(shè)計(jì)了解甚少的服務(wù)環(huán)境和設(shè)計(jì)思想。這些分歧將影響級(jí)進(jìn)模進(jìn)度。 因此，如果程序設(shè)計(jì)熱處理是在早期設(shè)計(jì)階段，目標(biāo)是縮短開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)間、降低成本、穩(wěn)定質(zhì)量， 實(shí)現(xiàn)了從傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)展模式，同時(shí)并行順序?qū)?huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　并行工程是把電腦整合系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)為載體,在每個(gè)階段開(kāi)始后，工廠要考慮，例如制造、熱處理、成本等因素，以避免錯(cuò)誤。并行方式駁回有缺陷的連續(xù)方式，給連續(xù)

4、方式帶來(lái)一場(chǎng)革命。在當(dāng)前的工作，同時(shí)結(jié)合熱處理的情況下，死亡和發(fā)展模式，并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究和深刻。</p><p>　　1熱處理下的并行處理</p><p>　　并行方式與順序方式最終不同。對(duì)于順序方式，主要考慮級(jí)進(jìn)模的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，幾乎沒(méi)有考慮到過(guò)程，這樣的錯(cuò)誤很容易擴(kuò)散倒退。同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)部門(mén)很少與組裝、銷(xiāo)售部門(mén)和成本核算溝通。這些問(wèn)題勢(shì)必影響級(jí)進(jìn)模的開(kāi)發(fā)進(jìn)度和市場(chǎng)前景。而并行方式，政府部門(mén)之

5、間的密切關(guān)系，各有關(guān)部門(mén)參加級(jí)進(jìn)模的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，與買(mǎi)家有著密切聯(lián)系。這有利于消除部門(mén)之間的矛盾，提高效率，降低成本。在并行方式中的熱處理，沒(méi)有經(jīng)費(fèi)的情況后，采取了藍(lán)圖，但在級(jí)進(jìn)模的設(shè)計(jì)，這樣做，有利于優(yōu)化熱處理過(guò)程中充分利用潛力的材料。</p><p>　　2 CAD/CAM在級(jí)進(jìn)模熱處理一體化中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　可以看出設(shè)計(jì)和模擬過(guò)程是熱處理一體化框架的核心。在信息輸入透過(guò)產(chǎn)品

6、設(shè)計(jì)及模塊熱處理過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)熱處理、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)工程將自動(dòng)把尺寸分割為部分繪畫(huà)網(wǎng)、模擬溫度場(chǎng)微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析后熱處理和缺陷可能出現(xiàn)的(如過(guò)熱，在燃燒) 然后熱處理過(guò)程中，如果被判定是根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果由立體再現(xiàn)技術(shù)。此外理想工具和夾具、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)處納入該系統(tǒng)。同時(shí)將根據(jù)工程范圍內(nèi)的信息與其它部門(mén)共享。這使熱處理過(guò)程和優(yōu)化過(guò)程，確保良好。</p><p>　　2.1 3-D模型與立體展望技術(shù)對(duì)于熱處理技術(shù) <

7、;/p><p>　　級(jí)進(jìn)模具的材料、結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模的問(wèn)題，根據(jù)熱處理及級(jí)進(jìn)?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)3-D模型盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)。模型和階段加熱條件下轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樵诩?jí)進(jìn)模具和熱處理工是可行的，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)突破的計(jì)算階段轉(zhuǎn)變定律，形成跨階段，第一階段重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)熱、熱轉(zhuǎn)移等。例如，立體熱算法進(jìn)行模型/地方取暖和復(fù)雜的印象和不對(duì)稱(chēng)級(jí)進(jìn)模，ＭＡＲＣ微結(jié)構(gòu)改造模型軟件使用。 計(jì)算機(jī)能把目前的溫度、壓力和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)展示在任意時(shí)間和程序，整個(gè)改造立體配套的溫度場(chǎng)、壓力和

8、微結(jié)構(gòu)領(lǐng)域方面。 如果能結(jié)合成本、各種部分成本可以由電腦預(yù)測(cè)。</p><p>　　2.2熱處理過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　由于特殊的要求編制，硬度、表面粗糙度和在扭曲級(jí)進(jìn)模具熱處理中，包括輸入?yún)?shù)中類(lèi)型、溫度和輸入溫度和時(shí)間的磨煉，必須正確選擇，是否使用化學(xué)或表面淬火熱處理參數(shù)，必須正確地確定。很難確定完全由電腦參數(shù)。 由于電腦技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展。近十幾年，難以大規(guī)模計(jì)算過(guò)。模擬和財(cái)

9、產(chǎn)的權(quán)衡，需要的時(shí)間和成本熱處理后，不難優(yōu)化熱處理過(guò)程。</p><p>　　2.3熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) </p><p>　　熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的描述。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了基礎(chǔ)熱處理過(guò)程。一般分為材料熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)過(guò)程數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。這是必然趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)和處理成本物資。雖然很難建立一個(gè)成本數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),必須建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的一系列試驗(yàn)。包括鋼鐵材料數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等級(jí)、化學(xué)成分、性能及國(guó)內(nèi)外級(jí)平行表。 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包括熱處理過(guò)程、階級(jí)、保溫

10、時(shí)間和冷卻速度。 基于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，可熱處理過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的規(guī)則推斷。 </p><p>　　2.4 熱處理設(shè)備和工具 </p><p>　　熱處理過(guò)程被確定后，工具和CAD/CAE系統(tǒng)設(shè)備轉(zhuǎn)移設(shè)計(jì)制造的消息到數(shù)控裝置。通過(guò)快速成型機(jī)床、夾具和工具的可靠性來(lái)判斷。整個(gè)程序用網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)移，沒(méi)有人為的干擾。</p><p><b>　　3關(guān)鍵技術(shù) </b>

11、;</p><p>　　3.1耦合溫度、微結(jié)構(gòu)、壓力和成本 </p><p>　　熱處理程序是溫度程序、程序強(qiáng)調(diào)、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的互動(dòng)。三個(gè)因素都影響成本。在加熱和冷卻、壓力和熱轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)出現(xiàn)在微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的溫度變化的溫度和壓力彼此交流的成本。研究這四個(gè)因素相互作用有了很大發(fā)展，但還沒(méi)有普遍建立數(shù)學(xué)模型。許多模型試驗(yàn)很好配合，但不能付諸實(shí)施。最困難的分析解決問(wèn)題的模式，采用數(shù)字

12、方式，計(jì)算有誤。</p><p>　　即使如此，比較有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的定性分析方法，使得計(jì)算機(jī)模擬熱處理重大進(jìn)展。</p><p>　　3.2建立和整合模式 </p><p>　　級(jí)進(jìn)模具的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、熱處理、裝配、維修等發(fā)展模式。要有自己的模式和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù). 他們通過(guò)彼此的實(shí)體關(guān)系模式成為一個(gè)系列。通過(guò)建立和利用強(qiáng)有力的推論機(jī)制，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的目的是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。產(chǎn)品模型和其他模

13、型建立了關(guān)系。產(chǎn)品款式變化的情況下改變基本模型。事實(shí)上，它是屬于級(jí)進(jìn)模具的數(shù)據(jù)。熱處理后并入系統(tǒng)模型，它不再是一個(gè)孤立的單位，而其他成員關(guān)系密切的系統(tǒng)模型。經(jīng)過(guò)搜查，從熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的計(jì)算和推理、熱處理程序，受級(jí)進(jìn)模具的幾何模型、制造模型和成本的代價(jià)的限制被獲得。如果不服從限制，系統(tǒng)會(huì)發(fā)出解釋性警報(bào)。各設(shè)計(jì)單位通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系。</p><p>　　3.3成員之間的和諧與管理</p><p>　

14、　復(fù)雜的級(jí)進(jìn)模具，需要項(xiàng)目組之間的密切合作。因?yàn)槊總€(gè)成員都考慮到短期全球級(jí)進(jìn)模具的發(fā)展，必須加以管理和協(xié)調(diào)。首先，每個(gè)項(xiàng)目小組要確立自己的條件和資源管理的要求，加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的要求，并在規(guī)定的工作程序，以避免沖突。其次，要發(fā)展計(jì)劃執(zhí)行和監(jiān)督機(jī)制應(yīng)該建立。排除在適當(dāng)發(fā)展情況下的阻塞。</p><p><b>　　4結(jié)論</b></p><p>　?。?） CAD/CAE已經(jīng)應(yīng)

15、用到級(jí)進(jìn)模具和熱處理的并行設(shè)計(jì)和作圖中，可以提高效率，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的矛盾和問(wèn)題。</p><p>　?。?） 級(jí)進(jìn)模具的發(fā)展是在同一平臺(tái)。在熱處理過(guò)程中取得，設(shè)計(jì)者獲得相關(guān)資料及其他設(shè)計(jì)可轉(zhuǎn)讓自營(yíng)部門(mén)的信息平臺(tái)。</p><p>　?。?） 制定了正確的發(fā)展，及時(shí)調(diào)整計(jì)劃，可大大縮短開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)間，并降低成本。</p><p><b>　　附錄B</b&

16、gt;</p><p>　　Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design</p><p>　　Traditional die and mould design，mainly by experience or semi-experience，is isolated from manufacturing process．B

17、efore the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again，thus some disadvantages come into being，such as long development period，high cost and uncertain practical effect．Due to strong

18、desires for precision，service life， development period and cost，modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly．Therefore more and more advanced tec</p><p>　　Heat treatment of die and moul

19、d is as important as design，manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and service life．Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriou

20、sly behind t hem．As die and mould industry develops，heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture，assembly and wear-resistant properties by request．Impertinent heat treatment can　influence

21、die and mould manufacturing su</p><p>　　Concurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier，at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，he

22、at treating， properties and so forth in order to avoid the error．The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern，which bring about a revolution against serial pattern．</p><p>　　In the prese

23、nt work，the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development，and t he systemic and profound research was performed．</p><p>　　1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent C

24、ircumstance</p><p>　　The concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern．With regard to serial pattern， the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould，yet hardly cons

25、ider the consequent process，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwards．Meanwhile， the design department rarely communicates with the assembling，cost accounting and sales departments．These problems certainly

26、will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foreground．Whereas in </p><p>　　Heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and work-piece ta

27、ken but during die and mould designing．In this way，it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials．</p><p>　　2 Integration of Heat Treatment CAD

28、/ CAE for Die and Mould</p><p>　　It can be seen from that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frame．After information input via product design module and heat trea

29、tment process generated via heat treatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing，simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heat treatment and the defect o

30、f possible emerging (such as overheat，over burning)，and then the heat treatment process is judged if the o</p><p>　　The concurrent engineering based integration frame can share information with other branch．

31、That makes for optimizing the heat treatment process and ensuring the process sound．</p><p>　　2．1 3-D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatment</p><p>　　The problems about mate

32、rials，structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon as possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mould．Modeling heating condition and phase transformation condition for die a

33、nd mould during heat treatment are workable ，because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics，phase trans formation kinetics，phase stress，thermal stress，heat transfer ， hydrok

34、inetics etc．For example，3-D heat-cond</p><p>　　2．2 Heat treatment process design</p><p>　　Due to the special requests for strength，hardness，surface roughness and distortion during heat</p>

35、<p>　　treatment for die and mould，the parameters including quenching medium type，quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time，must be properly selected，and whether using surface quenching or chemical h

36、eat treatment the parameters must be rightly determined．It is difficult to determine the parameters by computer fully．Since computer technology develops quickly in recent decades，the difficulty with large-scale calculati

37、on has been overcome．By simulating and weighing the property，the cost and</p><p>　　2．3 Data base for heat treatment</p><p>　　A heat treatment database is described in．The database is the foundat

38、ion of making out heat treatment process．Generally，heat treatment database is divided into materials database and process database．It is an inexorable trend to predict the property by materials and process． Although it i

39、s difficult to establish a property database，it is necessary to establish the database by a series of tests．The materials database includes steel grades，chemical compositions，properties and home and abroad grade</p>

40、;<p>　　2．4 Tool and equipment for heat treatment</p><p>　　After heat treatment process is determined，tool and equipment CAD/ CAE system transfers the information about design and manufacture to the nu

41、merical control device．Through rapid tooling prototype，the reliability of tool and the clamping apparatus can be judged．The whole procedure is transferred by network，in which there is no manmade interference．</p>

42、<p>　　3 Key Technique</p><p>　　3．1 Coupling of temperature，microstructure，stress and property</p><p>　　Heat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperature microstructure stress interacti

43、on．The three factors can all influence the property．During heating and cooling，hot stress and transformation will come into being when microstructure changes．Transformation temperature microstructure and temperature micr

44、ostructure and stress property interact on each other．Research on the interaction of the four factors has been greatly developed，but the universal mathematic model has not been built．Many models</p><p>　　Eve

45、n so，comparing experience method with qualitative analysis，heat treatment simulation by computer makes great progress．</p><p>　　3．2 Establishment and integration of models</p><p>　　The developme

46、nt procedure for die and mould involves design，manufacture，heat treatment， assembly，maintenance and so on．They should have own database and model．They are in series with each other by the entity-relation model．Through es

47、tablishing and employing dynamic inference mechanism，the aim of optimizing design can be achieved．The relation between product model and other models was built．The product model will change in case the cell model changes

48、．In fact，it belongs to the relation of data wit</p><p>　　All design cell sare connected by communication network．</p><p>　　3．3 Management and harmony among members</p><p>　　The comp

49、lexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groups．Because each member is short of global consideration for die and mould development，they need to be managed and harmonized． Firstly，each item group sh

50、ould define its own control condition and resource requested，and learn of the request of up and down working procedure in order to avoid conflict．Secondly，development plan should be made out and monitor mechanism should

51、be established．The obstruction can be duly excluded </p><p>　　4 Conclusions</p><p>　?。?）Heat treatment CAD/ CAE has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould and heat treatment is

52、 graphed，which can increase efficiency，easily discover problems and clear conflicts．</p><p>　?。?） Die and mould development is performed on the same platform．When the heat treatment process is made out，desig

53、ners can obtain correlative information and transfer self-information to other design departments on the platform．</p><p>　?。?） Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously