外文翻譯--物聯(lián)網(wǎng)

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　Internet of Things</p><p>　　1. The definition of connotation</p><p>　　The English name of Internet of Things, referred to as: the IOT. Int

2、ernet of Things through the pass, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning system technology, real-time acquisition of any monitoring, connectivity, interactive objects or processes, collecting their

3、 sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, the location of a variety of the information you need network access through a variety of possible things and things, objects and people in the Pan</p&g

4、t;<p>　　2. The meaning of "material"</p><p>　　Where the "objects" to meet the following conditions can be included in the scope of the "Internet of Things":</p>&l

5、t;p>　　1. Receiver have the appropriate information;</p><p>　　2. Have a data transmission path;</p><p>　　3. Have a certain storage capabilities;</p><p>　　4. To have the CPU;</p

6、><p>　　5.To have the operating system;</p><p>　　6. Have specialized applications;</p><p>　　7. Have a data transmitter;</p><p>　　8. Follow the communication protocol of Thi

7、ngs;</p><p>　　9. World Network, a unique number that can be identified.</p><p>　　3. "Chinese style" as defined in</p><p>　　Internet of Things (Internet of Things) refers t

8、o is the ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) terminal equipment (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including with the "inner intelligence" sensors, mobile terminals, industrial systems, floor control system, the family

9、 of Intelligentfacilities, video surveillance systems, and external can "(Enabled), such as RFID, a variety of assets (the Assets), personal and vehicle carrying the wireless terminal" intelligent objects or an

10、imals "or" smart dust "(the Mote</p><p>　　4.EU definition</p><p>　　In September 2009, the Internet of Things and enterprise environments held in Beijing, China-EU Seminar on the E

11、uropean Commission and Social Media Division RFID Division is responsible for Dr. Lorent Ferderix, given the EU's definition of things: the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a stan

12、dards-based and interoperable communication protocols, self-organizing capabilities, including physical and virtual "objects" of identity, physical attributes, virtual feat</p><p><b>　　5．chan

13、ge</b></p><p>　　The Internet of Things (Internet of Things) the word universally recognized at home and abroad Ashton, Professor of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 first proposed to study RFID. The repo

14、rt of the same name released in 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the definition and scope of the Internet of Things has been a change in the coverage of a larger expansion, no longer refers only to

15、the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.</p><p>　　Since August 2009, Premier WenJiabao put forward the "Experience China" Internet of Things was officially listed as a national one of the f

16、ive emerging strategic industries, to write the "Government Work Report" Internet of Things in China has been the great concern of the society as a whole degree of concern is unparalleled in the United States,

17、European Union, as well as other countries.</p><p>　　The concept of Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, as it has been the concept of a "Made in China", his coverage of the times,

18、has gone beyond the scope of the 1999 Ashton professor and the 2005 ITU report referred to, Internet of Things has been labeled a "Chinese style" label.</p><p>　　6．Background</p><p>　　

19、The concept of Internet of Things in 1999. Internet-based, RFID technology and EPC standards, on the basis of the computer Internet, the use of radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication techn

20、ology, a global items of information to real-time sharing of the physical Internet "Internet of things" (referred to as the Internet of Things), which is also the basis of the first round of the China Internet

21、of Things boom set off in 2003.</p><p>　　The sensor network is built up based on sensing technology network. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 on the start sensor network research and has made some achieve

22、ments in scientific research, the establishment of applicable sensor network.1999, held in the United States, mobile computing and networking International Conference, "The sensor network is a development opportunit

23、y facing humanity in the next century. In 2003, the United States, "Technology Review" proposed sensor network technolo</p><p>　　November 17, 2005, the WSIS held in Tunis (WSIS), the International

24、Telecommunication Union released ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things ", citing the concept of the" Internet of things ". The report pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" c

25、ommunication era is approaching, all the objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from housing to the tissue via the Internet, take the initiative to be exchanged. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), sensor t

26、echnology, nanote</p><p>　　According to the description of the ITU, the era of things, a short-range mobile transceivers embedded in a variety of daily necessities, human beings in the world of information a

27、nd communication will receive a new communication dimension, from any time communication between people of the place of connection extended to the communication connection between persons and things and things and things

28、. The Internet of Things concept of the rise, largely due to the International Telecommunication Uni</p><p>　　Domestic Internet of Things is also there is no single standard definition, but the Internet of T

29、hings In essence, the Internet of Things is a polymer application of modern information technology to a certain stage of development and technological upgrading of various sensing technology modern network technology and

30、 artificial intelligence and automation technology aggregation and integration of applications, so that the human and material wisdom of dialogue to create a world of wisdom. Because </p><p>　　January 28, 20

31、09, Obama became the President of the United States, held with U.S. business leaders a "round table", as one of the only two representatives, IBM CEO Sam Palmisano for the first time that "the wisdom of th

32、e Earth" this concept, it is recommended that the new government to invest in a new generation of intelligent infrastructure.</p><p>　　February 24, 2009 news, IBM Greater China CEO money crowd called &q

33、uot;Smarter Planet" strategy announced in the forum 2009IBM.</p><p>　　This concept was put forth, that is the great concern of the United States from all walks of life, and even analysts believe that IB

34、M's vision is very likely to rise to U.S. national strategy, and caused a sensation in the world. IBM believes that the industry, the next phase of the mission is to make full use of the new generation of IT technolo

35、gy in all walks of life among specifically, is the embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, wa</p><p>　　Strategy conference, IBM, and implant the con

36、cept of "wisdom" in the implementation of the infrastructure, strong, not only in the short term to stimulate the economy, promote employment, and in a short period of time for China to build a mature wisdom in

37、frastructure platform.</p><p>　　IBM "Smarter Planet" strategy will set off again after the wave of Internet technology industrial revolution. Former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner has raised an important poi

38、nt of view, every 15 years, a revolution in computing model. This judgment is the same as Moore's Law accurately call it a "15-year cycle Law". Before and after 1965, changes to the mainframe as a symbol, 1

39、980 marked by the popularization of personal computers, 1995, the Internet revolution. Each such technological change are caused </p><p>　　Today, the "Smarter Planet" strategy by many Americans tha

40、t there are many similarities with the "information superhighway", the same they revive the economy, a key strategy for competitive advantage. The strategy can be set off, not only for the United States, such a

41、s the Internet revolution was the wave of technological and economic concern, more attention from the world.</p><p>　　"Internet of Things prospects are very bright, it will dramatically change our curre

42、nt way of life." Demonstration director of the Center of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Electrical and Electronic Zhao Guoan said. Industry experts said that the Internet of things to o

43、ur life personification of the things became a kind of human.Goods (goods) in the world of physical objects associated with each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention. The Internet </p>

44、;<p>　　The second session, held at Peking University in November 2008, China Mobile Government Seminar "Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0", the experts made the mobile technology, the Internet of Thin

45、gs technology led to the development of economic and social form, innovative forms of change, and promote the The next generation of innovation for the knowledge society as the core of user experience (innovative 2.0) th

46、e formation of innovation and development of the form to pay more attention to the u</p><p>　　It is learned that the things industry chain can be broken down into the identity, perception, processing and inf

47、ormation transfer, four links, each link of the key technologies for the wireless transmission network of RFID, sensors, smart chip and telecom operators. EPOSS in the "Internet of Things in 2020" report, an an

48、alysis predicted that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages, 2010, RFID is widely used in the field of logistics, retail and pharmaceutica</p><p>　　As the vanguard of t

49、he Internet of Things, RFID has become the most concerned about the technology market. The data show that the global RFID market size in 2008 from $ 4.93 billion in 2007 rose to $ 5.29 billion, this figure covers all asp

50、ects of the RFID market, including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and services. RFID card and card-related infrastructure will account for 57.3 percent of the market, reaching $ 3.03 billion. Applicatio

51、n from financial and security industries</p><p>　　MEMS is the abbreviation of the micro-electromechanical systems, MEMS technology is built on the basis of micro / nano, the market prospect is broad. The mai

52、n advantage of the MEMS sensor is the small size, large-scale mass production cost reduction, mainly used in two major areas of automotive and consumer electronics. Under ICInsight the latest report is expected in 2007-2

53、012, global sales of semiconductor sensors and actuators based on MEMS will reach 19 percent compound annual growth rate (C</p><p>　　7．Principle</p><p>　　Internet of Things is on the basis of th

54、e computer Internet, RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world's "Internet of Things". In this network, the goods (products) to each other "exchange&qu

55、ot;, without the need for human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and

56、information through the computer Internet.</p><p>　　The Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is radio frequency identification (Radio Fr

57、equency Identification) technology abbreviation, is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise, the more advanced a non-contact identification technology. The development of RFID technology based o

58、n a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one</p><p>　　RFID, it is able to let items "speak" a technique. In the &quo

59、t;Internet of Things" concept, RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data communications network to a central information system, to achieve t

60、he identification of goods (products), and then through the open computer network for information exchange and sharing, items "transparent" management.</p><p>　　The information technology revolutio

61、n in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific application. Internet of Things through IntelliSense, identification technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network convergence applicatio

62、ns, breaking the conventional thinking before, human beings can achieve ubiquitous computing and network connectivity. The traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on

63、 the one hand, airports,</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯：</b></p><p><b>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)</b></p><p><b>　　1.定義內(nèi)涵</b></p><p>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的英文名稱為Internet of Things，簡稱：IO

64、T。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)通過傳感器、射頻識別技術(shù)、全球定位系統(tǒng)等技術(shù)，實時采集任何需要監(jiān)控、連接、互動的物體或過程，采集其聲、光、熱、電、力學(xué)、化學(xué)、生物、位置等各種需要的信息，通過各類可能的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入，實現(xiàn)物與物、物與人的泛在鏈接，實現(xiàn)對物品和過程的智能化感知、識別和管理。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是通過智能感知、識別技術(shù)與普適計算、泛在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的融合應(yīng)用，被稱為繼計算機、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)之后世界信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的第三次浪潮。與其說物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)，不如說物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是業(yè)務(wù)和應(yīng)用，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)也被視為互

65、聯(lián)網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用拓展。因此應(yīng)用創(chuàng)新是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的核心，以用戶體驗為核心的創(chuàng)新是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的靈魂。</p><p><b>　　2.“物”的涵義</b></p><p>　　這里的“物”要滿足以下條件才能夠被納入“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的范圍：</p><p>　　1．要有相應(yīng)信息的接收器；</p><p>　　2．要有數(shù)據(jù)傳輸通路；<

66、/p><p>　　3．要有一定的存儲功能；</p><p><b>　　4．要有CPU；</b></p><p><b>　　5．要有操作系統(tǒng)；</b></p><p>　　6．要有專門的應(yīng)用程序；</p><p>　　7．要有數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送器；</p><p>

67、;　　8．遵循物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的通信協(xié)議；</p><p>　　9．在世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有可被識別的唯一編號。</p><p><b>　　3.“中國式”定義</b></p><p>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet of Things)指的是將無處不在（Ubiquitous）的末端設(shè)備（Devices）和設(shè)施（Facilities），包括具備“內(nèi)在智能”的傳感器、

68、移動終端、工業(yè)系統(tǒng)、樓控系統(tǒng)、家庭智能設(shè)施、視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)等、和“外在使能”(Enabled)的，如貼上RFID的各種資產(chǎn)（Assets）、攜帶無線終端的個人與車輛等等“智能化物件或動物”或“智能塵?！保∕ote），通過各種無線和/或有線的長距離和/或短距離通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)互聯(lián)互通（M2M)、應(yīng)用大集成（Grand Integration)、以及基于云計算的SaaS營運等模式，在內(nèi)網(wǎng)（Intranet）、專網(wǎng)（Extranet）、和/或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

69、（Internet）環(huán)境下，采用適當(dāng)?shù)男畔踩Ｕ蠙C制，提供安全可控乃至個性化的實時在線監(jiān)測、定位追溯、報警聯(lián)動、調(diào)度指揮、預(yù)案管理、遠(yuǎn)程控制、安全防范、遠(yuǎn)程維保、在線升級、統(tǒng)計報表、決策支持、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)桌面（集中展示的Cockpit Dashboard)等管理和服務(wù)功能，實現(xiàn)對“萬物”的“高效、節(jié)能、安全、環(huán)?！钡摹肮堋⒖?、營”一體化。</p><p><b>　　4.歐盟的定義</b><

70、/p><p>　　2009年9月，在北京舉辦的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與企業(yè)環(huán)境中歐研討會上，歐盟委員會信息和社會媒體司RFID部門負(fù)責(zé)人Lorent Ferderix博士給出了歐盟對物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的定義：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個動態(tài)的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，它具有基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和互操作通信協(xié)議的自組織能力，其中物理的和虛擬的“物”具有身份標(biāo)識、物理屬性、虛擬的特性和智能的接口，并與信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)無縫整合。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將與媒體互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、服務(wù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一道，構(gòu)成未來互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

71、</p><p><b>　　5.變化</b></p><p>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet of Things)這個詞，國內(nèi)外普遍公認(rèn)的是MIT Auto-ID中心Ashton教授1999年在研究RFID時最早提出來的。在2005年國際電信聯(lián)盟（ITU）發(fā)布的同名報告中，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的定義和范圍已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，覆蓋范圍有了較大的拓展，不再只是指基于RFID技術(shù)的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。&

72、lt;/p><p>　　自2009年8月溫家寶總理提出“感知中國”以來,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)被正式列為國家五大新興戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，寫入“政府工作報告”，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在中國受到了全社會極大的關(guān)注，其受關(guān)注程度是在美國、歐盟、以及其他各國不可比擬的。</p><p>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的概念與其說是一個外來概念，不如說它已經(jīng)是一個“中國制造”的概念，他的覆蓋范圍與時俱進，已經(jīng)超越了1999年Ashton教授和2005年ITU

73、報告所指的范圍，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)已被貼上“中國式”標(biāo)簽。 </p><p><b>　　6.背景</b></p><p>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的概念是在1999年提出的。當(dāng)時基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、RFID技術(shù)、EPC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在計算機互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上，利用射頻識別技術(shù)、無線數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)等，構(gòu)造了一個實現(xiàn)全球物品信息實時共享的實物互聯(lián)網(wǎng)“Internet of things”（簡稱物聯(lián)網(wǎng)），這也

74、是在2003年掀起第一輪華夏物聯(lián)網(wǎng)熱潮的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　傳感網(wǎng)是基于感知技術(shù)建立起來的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。中科院早在1999年就啟動了傳感網(wǎng)的研究，并已取得了一些科研成果，建立了一些適用的傳感網(wǎng)。1999年，在美國召開的移動計算和網(wǎng)絡(luò)國際會議提出了，“傳感網(wǎng)是下一個世紀(jì)人類面臨的又一個發(fā)展機遇”。2003年，美國《技術(shù)評論》提出傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)將是未來改變?nèi)藗兩畹氖蠹夹g(shù)之首。</p><p>

75、;　　2005年11月17日，在突尼斯舉行的信息社會世界峰會（WSIS）上，國際電信聯(lián)盟發(fā)布了《ITU互聯(lián)網(wǎng)報告2005：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)》，引用了“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的概念。報告指出，無所不在的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”通信時代即將來臨，世界上所有的物體從輪胎到牙刷、從房屋到紙巾都可以通過因特網(wǎng)主動進行交換。射頻識別技術(shù)（RFID）、傳感器技術(shù)、納米技術(shù)、智能嵌入技術(shù)將到更加廣泛的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　根據(jù)ITU的描述，在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代，通過在

76、各種各樣的日常用品上嵌入一種短距離的移動收發(fā)器，人類在信息與通信世界里將獲得一個新的溝通維度，從任何時間任何地點的人與人之間的溝通連接擴展到人與物和物與物之間的溝通連接。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)概念的興起，很大程度上得益于國際電信聯(lián)盟(ITU)2005 年以物聯(lián)網(wǎng)為標(biāo)題的年度互聯(lián)網(wǎng)報告。然而，ITU的報告對物聯(lián)網(wǎng)缺乏一個清晰的定義。</p><p>　　雖然目前國內(nèi)對物聯(lián)網(wǎng)也還沒有一個統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義，但從物聯(lián)網(wǎng)本質(zhì)上看，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是現(xiàn)

77、代信息技術(shù)發(fā)展到一定階段后出現(xiàn)的一種聚合性應(yīng)用與技術(shù)提升，將各種感知技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和人工智能與自動化技術(shù)聚合與集成應(yīng)用，使人與物智慧對話，創(chuàng)造一個智慧的世界。因為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展幾乎涉及到了信息技術(shù)的方方面面，是一種聚合性、系統(tǒng)性的創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，也因此才被稱為是信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的第三次革命性創(chuàng)新。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的本質(zhì)概括起來主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面：一是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)特征，即對需要聯(lián)網(wǎng)的物一定要能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)互聯(lián)互通的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)；二是識別與通信特征，即納入物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的“物

78、”一定要具備自動識別與物物通信（M2M）的功能；三是智能化特征，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具有自動化、自我反饋與智能控制的特點</p><p>　　2009年1月28日，奧巴馬就任美國總統(tǒng)后，與美國工商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖舉行了一次“圓桌會議”，作為僅有的兩名代表之一，IBM首席執(zhí)行官彭明盛首次提出“智慧地球”這一概念，建議新政府投資新一代的智慧型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。</p><p>　　2009年2月24日消息，IBM大中華

79、區(qū)首席執(zhí)行官錢大群在2009IBM論壇上公布了名為“智慧的地球”的最新策略。</p><p>　　此概念一經(jīng)提出，即得到美國各界的高度關(guān)注，甚至有分析認(rèn)為ＩＢＭ公司的這一構(gòu)想極有可能上升至美國的國家戰(zhàn)略，并在世界范圍內(nèi)引起轟動。ＩＢＭ認(rèn)為，產(chǎn)業(yè)下一階段的任務(wù)是把新一代ＩＴ技術(shù)充分運用在各行各業(yè)之中，具體地說，就是把感應(yīng)器嵌入和裝備到電網(wǎng)、鐵路、橋梁、隧道、公路、建筑、供水系統(tǒng)、大壩、油氣管道等各種物體中，并且被普

80、遍連接，形成物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。</p><p>　　在策略發(fā)布會上，IBM還提出，如果在基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的執(zhí)行中，植入“智慧”的理念，不僅僅能夠在短期內(nèi)有力的刺激經(jīng)濟、促進就業(yè)，而且能夠在短時間內(nèi)為中國打造一個成熟的智慧基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施平臺。</p><p>　　IBM希望“智慧的地球”策略能掀起“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”浪潮之后的又一次科技產(chǎn)業(yè)革命。IBM前首席執(zhí)行官郭士納曾提出一個重要的觀點，認(rèn)為計算模式每隔15年發(fā)生一次變革

81、。這一判斷像摩爾定律一樣準(zhǔn)確，人們把它稱為“十五年周期定律”。1965年前后發(fā)生的變革以大型機為標(biāo)志，1980年前后以個人計算機的普及為標(biāo)志，而1995年前后則發(fā)生了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命。每一次這樣的技術(shù)變革都引起企業(yè)間、產(chǎn)業(yè)間甚至國家間競爭格局的重大動蕩和變化。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命一定程度上是由美國“信息高速公路”戰(zhàn)略所催熟。20世紀(jì)90年代，美國克林頓政府計劃用20年時間,耗資2000億-4000億美元,建設(shè)美國國家信息基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，創(chuàng)造了巨大的經(jīng)濟和社

82、會效益。</p><p>　　而今天，“智慧的地球”戰(zhàn)略被不少美國人認(rèn)為與當(dāng)年的“信息高速公路”有許多相似之處，同樣被他們認(rèn)為是振興經(jīng)濟、確立競爭優(yōu)勢的關(guān)鍵戰(zhàn)略。該戰(zhàn)略能否掀起如當(dāng)年互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命一樣的科技和經(jīng)濟浪潮，不僅為美國關(guān)注，更為世界所關(guān)注。</p><p>　　“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)前景非常廣闊，它將極大地改變我們目前的生活方式?！蹦暇┖娇蘸教齑髮W(xué)國家電工電子示范中心主任趙國安說。業(yè)內(nèi)專家表示，物

83、聯(lián)網(wǎng)把我們的生活擬人化了，萬物成了人的同類。在這個物物相聯(lián)的世界中，物品（商品）能夠彼此進行“交流”，而無需人的干預(yù)。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)利用射頻自動識別（RFID）技術(shù)，通過計算機互聯(lián)網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)物品（商品）的自動識別和信息的互聯(lián)與共享?？梢哉f，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)描繪的是充滿智能化的世界。在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的世界里，物物相連、天羅地網(wǎng)。</p><p>　　2008年11月在北京大學(xué)舉行的第二屆中國移動政務(wù)研討會“知識社會與創(chuàng)新2.0”上，專家們提出移

84、動技術(shù)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶動了經(jīng)濟社會形態(tài)、創(chuàng)新形態(tài)的變革，推動了面向知識社會的以用戶體驗為核心的下一代創(chuàng)新（創(chuàng)新2.0）形態(tài)的形成，創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展更加關(guān)注用戶、注重以人為本。有研究機構(gòu)預(yù)計10年內(nèi)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)就可能大規(guī)模普及，這一技術(shù)將會發(fā)展成為一個上萬億元規(guī)模的高科技市場，其產(chǎn)業(yè)要比互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大30倍。</p><p>　　據(jù)悉，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈可以細(xì)分為標(biāo)識、感知、處理和信息傳送四個環(huán)節(jié)，每個環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)分別為RFID、傳

85、感器、智能芯片和電信運營商的無線傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)。EPOSS在《Internet of Things in 2020》報告中分析預(yù)測，未來物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展將經(jīng)歷四個階段，2010年之前RFID被廣泛應(yīng)用于物流、零售和制藥領(lǐng)域，2010~2015年物體互聯(lián)，2015~2020年物體進入半智能化，2020年之后物體進入全智能化。</p><p>　　作為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的排頭兵，RFID成為了市場最為關(guān)注的技術(shù)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2008年全

86、球RFID市場規(guī)模已從2007年的49.3億美元上升到52.9億美元，這個數(shù)字覆蓋了RFID市場的方方面面，包括標(biāo)簽、閱讀器、其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、軟件和服務(wù)等。RFID卡和卡相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施將占市場的57.3%，達30.3億美元。來自金融、安防行業(yè)的應(yīng)用將推動RFID卡類市場的增長。易觀國際預(yù)測，2009年中國RFID市場規(guī)模將達到50億元，年復(fù)合增長率為33%，其中電子標(biāo)簽超過38億元、讀寫器接近7億元、軟件和服務(wù)達到5億元的市場格局。<

87、/p><p>　　MEMS是微機電系統(tǒng)的縮寫，MEMS技術(shù)是建立在微米/納米基礎(chǔ)之上的，市場前景廣闊。MEMS傳感器的主要優(yōu)勢在于體積小、大規(guī)模量產(chǎn)后成本下降快，目前主要應(yīng)用在汽車和消費電子兩大領(lǐng)域。根據(jù)ICInsight最新報告，預(yù)計在2007年至2012年間，全球基于MEMS的半導(dǎo)體傳感器和制動器的銷售額將達到19%的年均復(fù)合增長率(CAGR)，與2007年的41億美元相比，五年后將實現(xiàn)97億美元的年銷售額。&l

88、t;/p><p><b>　　7.原理</b></p><p>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是在計算機互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上，利用RFID、無線數(shù)據(jù)通信等技術(shù)，構(gòu)造一個覆蓋世界上萬事萬物的“Internet of Things”。在這個網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，物品(商品)能夠彼此進行“交流”，而無需人的干預(yù)。其實質(zhì)是利用射頻自動識別(RFID)技術(shù)，通過計算機互聯(lián)網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)物品(商品)的自動識別和信息的互聯(lián)與共享。&

89、lt;/p><p>　　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中非常重要的技術(shù)是射頻識別（RFID）技術(shù)。RFID是射頻識別（Radio Frequency Identification）技術(shù)英文縮寫，是20世紀(jì)90年代開始興起的一種自動識別技術(shù)，是目前比較先進的一種非接觸識別技術(shù)。以簡單RFID系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合已有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)、中間件技術(shù)等，構(gòu)筑一個由大量聯(lián)網(wǎng)的閱讀器和無數(shù)移動的標(biāo)簽組成的，比Internet更為龐大的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)成為RFID

90、技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢。</p><p>　　而 RFID，正是能夠讓物品“開口說話”的一種技術(shù)。在“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的構(gòu)想中，RFID標(biāo)簽中存儲著規(guī)范而具有互用性的信息，通過無線數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)把它們自動采集到中央信息系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)物品(商品)的識別，進而通過開放性的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)信息交換和共享，實現(xiàn)對物品的“透明”管理。</p><p>　　信息化革命的浪潮，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)被稱為信息技術(shù)移動泛在化的一個具體應(yīng)用。物聯(lián)

91、網(wǎng)通過智能感知、識別技術(shù)與普適計算、泛在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的融合應(yīng)用，打破了之前的傳統(tǒng)思維，人類可以實現(xiàn)無所不在的計算和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。傳統(tǒng)的思路一直是將物理基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和IT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施分開：一方面是機場、公路、建筑物，而另一方面是數(shù)據(jù)中心，個人電腦、寬帶等。而在“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”時代，鋼筋混凝土、電纜將與芯片、寬帶整合為統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，在此意義上，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施更像是一塊新的地球工地，世界的運轉(zhuǎn)就在它上面進行，其中包括經(jīng)濟管理、生產(chǎn)運行、社會管理乃至個人生活。“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”使得