外文翻譯--環(huán)保資源—太陽(yáng)能

1、<p><b>　　環(huán)保資源—太陽(yáng)能</b></p><p>　　隨著城市人口的增加，城市面積的不斷擴(kuò)大，紅綠燈安裝在各個(gè)道口上，已經(jīng)成為疏導(dǎo)交通車(chē)輛最常見(jiàn)和最有效的手段。但這一技術(shù)在19世紀(jì)就已出現(xiàn)了。 1858年，在英國(guó)倫敦主要街頭安裝了以燃煤氣為光源的紅，藍(lán)兩色的機(jī)械扳手式信號(hào)燈，用以指揮馬車(chē)通行。這是世界上最早的交通信號(hào)燈。1868年，英國(guó)機(jī)械工程師納伊特在倫敦威

2、斯敏斯特區(qū)的議會(huì)大廈前的廣場(chǎng)上，安裝了世界上最早的煤氣紅綠燈。它由紅綠兩以旋轉(zhuǎn)式方形玻璃提燈組成，紅色表示“停止”，綠色表示“注意”。1869年1月2日，煤氣燈爆炸，使警察受傷，遂被取消。1914年，電氣啟動(dòng)的紅綠燈出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)。這種紅綠燈由紅綠黃三色圓形的投光器組成，安裝在紐約市5號(hào)大街的一座高塔上。紅燈亮表示“停止”，綠燈亮表示“通行”。 1918年，又出現(xiàn)了帶控制的紅綠燈和紅外線紅綠燈。帶控制的紅綠燈，一種是把壓力探測(cè)器安

3、在地下，車(chē)輛一接近紅燈便變?yōu)榫G燈；另一種是用擴(kuò)音器來(lái)啟動(dòng)紅綠燈，司機(jī)遇紅燈時(shí)按一下嗽叭，就使紅燈變?yōu)榫G燈。紅外線紅綠燈當(dāng)行人踏上對(duì)壓力敏感的路面時(shí)，它就能察覺(jué)到有人要過(guò)馬路。紅外光束能把信號(hào)燈的紅燈延長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，推遲汽車(chē)放行，以免發(fā)生交通事故</p><p>　　但是，目前隨著世界各國(guó)石油、煤炭等自然資源的匱乏，全國(guó)大部分地區(qū)為了對(duì)付缺電，實(shí)行了分地區(qū)分時(shí)段的拉閘限電措施，而交通燈作為重要的指揮工具也由于市電的斷

4、電而不能工作，造成了交通安全隱患。隨著全球能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境惡化，太陽(yáng)能以其無(wú)污染、無(wú)噪聲、拆裝移動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)易、不會(huì)破壞市容環(huán)境、不受地理位置限制等特有的優(yōu)勢(shì)，將代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的不可再生能源，成為人類社會(huì)取之不盡、用之不竭的低成本環(huán)保清潔能源，太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電將走入普通老百姓的日常生活，節(jié)約電費(fèi)和能源，保護(hù)環(huán)境，造福人類。因此，利用太陽(yáng)能對(duì)交通燈進(jìn)行供電，通過(guò)帶有蓄電池的太陽(yáng)能電池板跟普通交通燈相連，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)利用太陽(yáng)能給交通燈供電，不僅能夠節(jié)約資源，而且使其在

5、市電斷電情況下也能正常工作。    太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電主要有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、獨(dú)立供電，不受地理位置限制、無(wú)需消耗燃料，無(wú)機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部件，建設(shè)周期短，規(guī)模大小隨意； 2、安全可靠、無(wú)污染、無(wú)噪聲、環(huán)保美觀、故障率低、壽命長(zhǎng)；3、拆裝簡(jiǎn)易、移動(dòng)方便、工程安裝成本低，可以方便地與建筑物相結(jié)合，無(wú)需預(yù)埋架高輸電線路，可免去遠(yuǎn)距離敷設(shè)電纜時(shí)對(duì)植被和環(huán)境的破壞和工程費(fèi)用；4、廣泛應(yīng)用于各種照明電器上，非常適用于鄉(xiāng)村、山&

6、lt;/p><p>　　太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)由太陽(yáng)能電池組、太陽(yáng)能控制器、蓄電池（組）組成。如輸出電源為交流220V或 110V，還需要配置逆變器。各部分的作用為： </p><p>　　（一）太陽(yáng)能電池板：太陽(yáng)能電池板是太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的核心部分，也是太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中價(jià)值最高的部分。其作用是將太陽(yáng)的輻射能力轉(zhuǎn)換為電能，或送往蓄電池中存儲(chǔ)起來(lái)，或推動(dòng)負(fù)載工作。太陽(yáng)能電池板的質(zhì)量和成本將直接決定整個(gè)系

7、統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量和成本。 </p><p>　　（二）太陽(yáng)能控制器：太陽(yáng)能控制器的作用是控制整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的工作狀態(tài)，并對(duì)蓄電池起到過(guò)充電保護(hù)、過(guò)放電保護(hù)的作用。在溫差較大的地方，合格的控制器還應(yīng)具備溫度補(bǔ)償?shù)墓δ堋Ｆ渌郊庸δ苋绻饪亻_(kāi)關(guān)、時(shí)控開(kāi)關(guān)都應(yīng)當(dāng)是控制器的可選項(xiàng)。 </p><p>　　（三）蓄電池：一般為鉛酸電池，小微型系統(tǒng)中，也可用鎳氫電池、鎳鎘電池或鋰電池。其作用是在有光照時(shí)將太陽(yáng)能電池板

8、所發(fā)出的電能儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，到需要的時(shí)候再釋放出來(lái)。 </p><p>　?。ㄋ模┠孀兤鳎涸诤芏鄨?chǎng)合，都需要提供220VAC、110VAC的交流電源。由于太陽(yáng)能的直接輸出一般都是12VDC、24VDC、48VDC。為能向220VAC的電器提供電能，需要將太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)所發(fā)出的直流電能轉(zhuǎn)換成交流電能，因此需要使用DC-AC逆變器。在某些場(chǎng)合，需要使用多種電壓的負(fù)載時(shí)，也要用到DC-DC逆變器，如將24VDC的電能轉(zhuǎn)換成5

9、VDC的電能（注意，不是簡(jiǎn)單的降壓）</p><p>　　那么，太陽(yáng)能電源系統(tǒng)的配置主要是根據(jù)符合要求和安裝環(huán)境計(jì)算太陽(yáng)能電池功率和蓄電池容量，為了使太陽(yáng)能供電系統(tǒng)能給負(fù)載提供足夠的電源，而又不至于增加體積和成本，就要合理選擇各部件，以達(dá)到最優(yōu)配置，選取時(shí)可以分為四步：第一步需要計(jì)算負(fù)載，第二步確定負(fù)載的日用電量，第三步由負(fù)載的耗電情況確定蓄電池的容量，第四步就是選擇太陽(yáng)能電池板。</p><

10、p>　　總之，隨著太陽(yáng)能成本的不斷降低，環(huán)保要求的提高，以及設(shè)計(jì)、制造和使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)的不斷積累和完善、太陽(yáng)能電源必將在各個(gè)行業(yè)中得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用！</p><p>　　Environmental resources - solar energy</p><p>　　With the increase in urban population, urban area continues to

11、 expand, traffic lights installed at various crossings, the vehicle to ease the traffic has become the most common and most effective means. However, this technology has been in the 19th century emerged.</p><p

12、>　　In 1858, the main street in London to install a coal-gas as the light source of red, blue and white mechanical wrench-style lights for directing traffic carriage. This is the world's first traffic lights. 1868,

13、 British mechanical engineer Nayite in London Westminster District square in front of the parliament building, the installation of the world's first gas lights. It consists of red and green with two rotary glass lant

14、ern composed of a square, the red "stop", Green said that "attention." Jan</p><p>　　In 1918, has emerged with control of traffic lights and infrared lights. With the control of traffic li

15、ghts, a pressure detector is an in the ground, vehicles will become the one near the red light green light; the other is using a megaphone to activate the traffic lights, Secretary for the opportunity when the red light

16、click cough, which makes the red light into green light. Infra-red traffic light when the pedestrian path on the pressure-sensitive surface, it will be able to detect any need t</p><p>　　However, at present,

17、 all countries in the world with oil, coal and other scarce natural resources, most of the country in order to deal with power shortage, the implementation of the subdivision to operate or apply a brake measures to disti

18、nguish between periods, and traffic lights as an important command of the tools because of the city electric of power and should not work, resulting in a safety risk. With the global energy crisis and environmental degra

19、dation, solar energy for its pollution-f</p><p>　　Solar power generation major has the following advantages:</p><p>　　1, the independent power supply, not subject to geographical restrictions, n

20、o fuel consumption, no mechanical rotating parts, short construction periods, arbitrary size;</p><p>　　2, safe, reliable, non-polluting, no noise, environmental protection, aesthetics, low failure rate, long

21、 life;</p><p>　　3, disassembly simple, easy to move the project to install low cost, can easily combine with the building, no need to embed the high-frame transmission line can be removed from long-distance

22、cable laying on the vegetation and environmen</p><p>　　-tal damage and cost of the projec.</p><p>　　4, are widely used in a variety of lighting appliances, the very applicable to villages, mount

23、ains, islands, highway and other remote places of the electronic and electrical appliances and lighting.</p><p>　　Solar power system consists of solar batteries, solar controller, battery (group) composition

24、. Such as output power for the exchange of 220V or 110V, also need to configure inverter. The role of the various parts as follows:</p><p>　　(A) solar panels: solar panel solar power system are the core of t

25、he solar system is the highest part of the value. Its role is to the sun's radiation is converted to electrical energy stored in batteries or sent to them, or to promote the work load. Solar panels of the quality and

26、 cost will directly determine the quality of the entire system and cost.</p><p>　　(B) Solar Controller: Solar controller's role is to control the entire system state, and played a rechargeable battery pr

27、otection, over discharge protection. Larger place in the temperature difference, the controller should also be qualified with temperature compensation function. Other additional features such as photo-controlled switch,

28、when the control switch controller should be optional.</p><p>　　(C) Battery: lead-acid batteries in general, small micro-system, can also be used nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel cadmium batteries or lithiu

29、m batteries. Its role is to have light in the solar panels will be issued by the energy stored when the need to re-release.</p><p>　　(D) Inverter: On many occasions, are required to provide 220VAC, 110VAC AC

30、 power. Because of the direct output of solar energy in general are 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide to the 220VAC electrical power, solar power generation system needs to be issued by DC can be converted into AC

31、 power, it required the use of DC-AC inverter. In some cases, the need to use a variety of load voltage, but also used in DC-DC inverter, 24VDC power such as would be converted into electric power 5VDC (Not</p>&l

32、t;p>　　Well, solar power systems are mainly based on the configuration and installation environment to meet the requirements calculated solar power and battery capacity, in order to make solar power supply system can p

33、rovide enough power load, without increasing the size and cost,</p><p>　　Should be a reasonable selection of components to achieve the optimal configuration, select a time can be divided into four steps: the

34、 first step in calculating the required load, and the second step to determine the daily electricity load, the third step of the power consumption by the load capacity of the battery case to determine , the fourth step i

35、s to choose solar panels.</p><p>　　In short, as to continuously reduce the cost of solar energy, improve environmental protection requirements, as well as the design, manufacture and use of the continuous ac