外文翻譯---產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)

1、<p>　　外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯（附原文）</p><p><b>　　外文譯文一：</b></p><p>　　產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)——以中國(guó)大連軟件工業(yè)園為例</p><p>　　Weilin Zhao,Chihiro Watanabe，Charla-Griffy-Brown</p><p>　　[J]. Marke

2、ting Science,2009(2):123-125.</p><p>　　摘要：本文本著為促進(jìn)工業(yè)的發(fā)展的初衷探討了中國(guó)軟件公園的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。產(chǎn)業(yè)集群深植于當(dāng)?shù)氐闹贫认到y(tǒng)，因此擁有特殊的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)波特的“鉆石”模型、SWOT模型的測(cè)試結(jié)果對(duì)中國(guó)大連軟件園的案例進(jìn)行了定性的分析。產(chǎn)業(yè)集群是包括一系列在指定地理上集聚的公司，它扎根于當(dāng)?shù)卣⑿袠I(yè)和學(xué)術(shù)的當(dāng)?shù)刂贫认到y(tǒng)，以此獲得大量的資源，從而獲得產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的

3、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。為了成功駕馭中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)范式從批量生產(chǎn)到開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)換，持續(xù)加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),促進(jìn)工業(yè)和區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是非常有必要的。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)；產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；當(dāng)?shù)刂贫认到y(tǒng)；大連軟件工業(yè)園；中國(guó)；科技園區(qū)；創(chuàng)新；區(qū)域發(fā)展</p><p><b>　　產(chǎn)業(yè)集群</b></p><p>　　產(chǎn)業(yè)集群是波特[1]也推而廣之的一個(gè)

4、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前沿概念。作為一個(gè)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略公認(rèn)的專家,他指出了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群在促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的作用。他寫道：集群的概念,“或出現(xiàn)在特定的地理位置與產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)聯(lián)的公司、供應(yīng)商和機(jī)構(gòu)，已成為了公司和政府思考和評(píng)估當(dāng)?shù)馗?jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)和制定公共決策的一種新的要素。但是，他至今也沒有對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群做出準(zhǔn)確的定義。最近根據(jù)德瑞克、泰克拉[2]和李維[3]檢查的關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和識(shí)別為“地理濃度的行業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)的文獻(xiàn)取得了進(jìn)展”?！暗乩砑小倍x了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵而鮮明的

5、基本性質(zhì)。產(chǎn)業(yè)由地區(qū)上特定的眾多公司集聚而成,他們通常有共同市場(chǎng)、,有著共同的供應(yīng)商,交易對(duì)象,教育機(jī)構(gòu)和其它像知識(shí)及信息一樣無形的東西，同樣地,他們也面臨相似的機(jī)會(huì)和威脅。在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)集群有許多種發(fā)展模式。比如美國(guó)加州的硅谷和馬薩諸塞州的128魯特都是知名的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。前者以微電子、生物技術(shù)、和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本市場(chǎng)而聞名,而后者則是以軟件、計(jì)算機(jī)和通訊硬件享譽(yù)天下[4]。對(duì)軟件公司為什么傾向于集聚的原因進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)聚集特別著重于轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)信息和知識(shí)

6、的轉(zhuǎn)變方面。[5]事實(shí)上,盡管關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的研究已經(jīng)通過經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、戰(zhàn)略管理、知識(shí)共享</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　[1]Porter ME.The competitive advantage of nations.New York:Free Press;1990. </p><p>　　[2]Doerin

7、ger PB,Terkla DG.Business strategy and cross-industry clusters. Economic Development Quarterly 1995;9:225–37.</p><p>　　[3]Leveen J.Industry Cluster Literature Review.Available from:http://www.planning.unc.ed

8、u/courses/261/leveen/litrev.htm.</p><p>　　[4]Connecticut Industry Clusters.State of Connecticut.Department of Economic and Community Development. Available from :http://www.ct.gov/ecd/cwp/view.asp?a?1100&am

9、p;q?249794.</p><p>　　[5]Heeks R.Software strategies in developing countries 1999.Working paper series.Available from:http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/ documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015540.pdf.</p>

10、<p>　　[6]Industry Clusters.University of North Carolina.Available from:http://www.planning.unc.edu/courses/261/leveen/.</p><p><b>　　外文原文一：</b></p><p>　　Competitive advantage i

11、n an industry cluster:The case of Dalian Software Park in China</p><p>　　Weilin Zhao,Chihiro Watanabe，Charla Griffy-Brown</p><p>　　[J]. Marketing Science,2009(2):123-125.</p><p>　　A

12、bstract: This paper explores the competitive advantage of Chinese software parks for promoting industrial development. These industry clusters provide competitive advantage because they are rooted in local institutional

13、systems. Taking the case of Dalian Software Park in China, this analysis is conducted qualitatively based on Porter’s ‘‘diamond’’ model, SWOT framework and interview results. Industry clusters, which encompass a series o

14、f inter- connected firms in designated geographic concentra</p><p>　　Keywords: Competitive advantage；Industry cluster；Local institutional systems；Dalian Software Park；China；Technology parks；Innovation；Region

15、al growth</p><p>　　Industry cluster</p><p>　　“Industry cluster’’ is a current concept in economic development, also popularized by Porter[1].As a recognized expert in global economic strategies,

16、 he discusses the power of industry clusters to advance regional economies. He writes: The concept of ‘‘clusters,’’ or groups of interconnected firms, suppliers, related industries, and institutions that arise in particu

17、lar locations, has become a new way for companies and governments to think about economies, assess the competitive advantage of loc</p><p>　　The reasons why software firms tend to cluster were analyzed, with

18、 a special focus on the transfer of infor-mation and knowledge [5]. In fact, although research about industry clusters has been examined from the perspectives of economic development, strategic management, knowledge shar

19、ing, and technology spillover, there is little research that addresses the competitive advantage offered by industry clusters that are based on institutional systems.</p><p>　　As introduced by Leveen[6],indu

20、stry clusters can be classified into two types :vertically integrated clusters and horizontally integrated clusters. The first type of cluster is ‘‘made up of industries that are linked through buyer-seller relationships

21、’’; the second one ‘‘includes industries which might share a common market for the end products, use a common technology or labor force skills, or require similar natural resources’’ [6].The software parks that we examin

22、e in this paper can be consid</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　[1]Porter ME.The competitive advantage of nations.New York:Free Press;1990. </p><p>　　[2]Doeringer PB,Terkla

23、 DG.Business strategy and cross-industry clusters. Economic Development Quarterly 1995;9:225–37.</p><p>　　[3]Leveen J.Industry Cluster Literature Review.Available from:http://www.planning.unc.edu/courses/261

24、/leveen/litrev.htm.</p><p>　　[4]Connecticut Industry Clusters.State of Connecticut.Department of Economic and Community Development. Available from :http://www.ct.gov/ecd/cwp/view.asp?a?1100&q?249794.&l

25、t;/p><p>　　[5]Heeks R.Software strategies in developing countries 1999.Working paper series.Available from:http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/ documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015540.pdf.</p><p>